Autosomal Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a progressive, inherited condition which causes multiple fluid filled cysts on the kidneys of Persians/Exotic cats & breeds with Persians/Exotics in their lines.
Cysts are present from birth, but start out small, slowly increasing in size. Cysts can range from very small to several centimetres in diameter. The increasing size of the cysts damage the normal kidney tissue, eventually causing kidney failure.
The number of cysts & the speed & size in which they grow varies from cat to cat. The average age of kidney failure in cats with PKD is 7 years, but some cats will suffer from kidney failure at an earlier age & some cats much later, and in fact succumb to something other than PKD.

The Signs Of Polycystic Kidney Disease

Even though affected kittens are born with abnormal kidneys, signs of the disease usually do not appear until the cat is between 3-10 years old (average of 7). Some severely affected kittens, though, may die before 2 months of age. The kidneys of kittens with PKD contain small (less than 1/5 inch: 1mm – 1cm) cysts. The cysts usually contain a clear or straw-colored fluid, but in some cases may contain blood or become infected. As the cat ages, the cysts become larger and more numerous. As the kidneys become more cystic, the normal kidney tissue is lost, and the kidney is less able to function properly. Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys can no longer keep up with the body's demands.

Treatment Of Polycystic Kidney Disease

Until now there is no means available to prevent the development of PKD or to stop the growth of cysts. As a preventative measure the only option would be to remove PKD positive breeding animals from a breeding program. A treatment should only be considered when a cat displays symptoms of kidney failure. Dehydrated and/or vomiting animals should be put on IV for a couple of days. Once the cat is stable, a special kidney diet is the most important treatment. Such a prescription diet contains a lower percentage of protein and less phosphorus than normal cat food. In advanced patients the vet can decide to give additional medication like cardialgia inhibitors, calcium supplements and antibiotics when necessary. Motivated owners can administer hypodermic fluids by themselves at home.
Diagnosis of PKD

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